Incidence of pressure injury in an oncological intensive care unit / Incidencia de úlcera por presión en unidad de cuidados intensivos oncológica / Incidência de lesão por pressão em unidade de terapia intensiva oncológica

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the incidence of pressure injury in cancer patients of an intensive care unit. Method: A longitudinal study with 105 patients admitted to an oncological intensive care unit. The incidence rate was calculated as the number of events per 100 patient-days. Cumulative incidence was calculated both globally and according to selected characteristics, and submitted to hypothesis tests. Results: incidence rate per 100 patient-days was 1.32, and global cumulative incidence was 29.5%. A higher incidence was observed in patients with chronic diseases who had at least one episode of diarrhea, received enteral nutrition, and took vasoactive or sedative drugs for a prolonged period of time. Regarding type of tumour and antineoplastic treatments, no differences in incidence were observed. Conclusion: A high cumulative global incidence of pressure lesion was reported in cancer patients admitted to the intensive care unit, although tumour characteristics and antineoplastic treatments did not affect incidence.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la incidencia de úlcera por presión en pacientes con cáncer hospitalizados en unidad de cuidados intensivos. Método: estudio longitudinal, en el cual participaron 105 pacientes hospitalizados en unidad de cuidados intensivos oncológica. Se calcularon la tasa de incidencia por 100 pacientes-día y de incidencia acumulada -total y según las características seleccionadas- y las sometió a test de hipótesis. Resultados: la tasa de incidencia fue igual a 1,32 por 100 pacientes-día y la de incidencia acumulada total fue un 29,5%. Se observó una mayor incidencia entre los portadores de enfermedades crónicas que tuvieron al menos un episodio de diarrea, que recibieron nutrición enteral y drogas vasoactivas y sedantes por tiempo prolongado. En cuanto al tipo de tumor y al tratamiento antineoplásico recibido, no se observaron diferencias en la incidencia. Conclusión: se describió la elevada incidencia acumulada total de úlcera por presión en pacientes con cáncer hospitalizados en unidad de cuidados intensivos, sin embargo las características del tumor y del tratamiento antineoplásico no presentaron diferencias en la incidencia.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a incidência de lesão por pressão em pacientes com câncer internados em unidade de terapia intensiva. Método: estudo longitudinal realizado com 105 pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva oncológica. Calcularam-se taxa de incidência por 100 pacientes-dia e incidência acumulada - global e segundo caraterísticas selecionadas - submetendo-a a testes de hipótese. Resultados: taxa de incidência foi igual a 1,32 por 100 pacientes-dia e incidência acumulada global igual a 29,5%. Observou-se maior incidência entre portadores de doenças crônicas que apresentaram pelo menos um episódio de diarreia, que receberam nutrição enteral e drogas vasoativas e sedativas por tempo prolongado. Quanto ao tipo de tumor e ao tratamento antineoplásico recebido, não foram observadas diferenças na incidência. Conclusão: descreveu-se elevada incidência acumulada global de lesão por pressão em pacientes com câncer internados em unidade de terapia intensiva, embora características do tumor e do tratamento antineoplásico não tenham apresentado diferenças na incidência.

Incidence of pressure injury in an oncological intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the incidence of pressure injury in cancer patients of an intensive care unit. METHOD: A longitudinal study with 105 patients admitted to an oncological intensive care unit. The incidence rate was calculated as the number of events per 100 patient-days. Cumulative incidence was calculated both globally and according to selected characteristics, and submitted to hypothesis tests. RESULTS: incidence rate per 100 patient-days was 1.32, and global cumulative incidence was 29.5%. A higher incidence was observed in patients with chronic diseases who had at least one episode of diarrhea, received enteral nutrition, and took vasoactive or sedative drugs for a prolonged period of time. Regarding type of tumour and antineoplastic treatments, no differences in incidence were observed. CONCLUSION: A high cumulative global incidence of pressure lesion was reported in cancer patients admitted to the intensive care unit, although tumour characteristics and antineoplastic treatments did not affect incidence.